The Value of Preventing Cryptosporidium Contamination

The authors evaluate the need for preventing illnesses and fatalities caused by Cryptospiridium contamination of water supplies based on the impacts of recent and likely future outbreaks

The time cost of care

Extensive small scale studies have documented that when people assume the role of assisting a person with impairments or an older person, care activities account for a significant portion of their daily routines. Nevertheless, little research has investigated the problem of measuring the time that carers spend in care-related activities. This paper contrasts two different measures of care time – an estimated average weekly hours question in the 1998 Australian Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, and diary estimates from the 1997 national Australian Time Use Survey. This study finds that diaries provide information for a more robust estimate, but only after one models the time use patterns in the days of carers to identify care-related activities, which diarists do not necessarily record as care. Such a measure of care time reveals that even people who offer only occasional assistance to a person with impairments tend to spend the equivalent of more than 10 minutes a day providing care. Most caregivers undertake the equivalent of a part-time job to help a friend or family member. Summing the average caregiving time provided by all household members reveals that over a quarter of Australian households caring for an adult or child provide the equivalent of a full-time employee’s labour, and another quarter work between 20 and 39 total weekly hours to provide informal care.Care, unpaid work, time estimation, family and gender roles, informal economic activity

The Effects of an Urban Middle School Dropout Prevention Program on the Academic Achievement, Attendance, Attitudes, and Conflict Resolution Skills of At-Risk Student

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an urban middle school dropout prevention program on the academic achievement, attendance, attitudes toward self and school, and conflict resolution skills of potential dropout candidates. The study compared the differences in grade point averages and Iowa Test of Basic Skills scores, percentages of absences, self concept and motivation towards school scores, and the percentage of suspensions of subjects in three middle schools in Portsmouth, Virginia. A review of literature revealed that traditional dropout prevention efforts have addressed the dropout dilemma with varying degrees of success. More recent dropout initiatives have focused on addressing the physical, social, psychological, and educational needs of at-risk students and early intervention. Additionally, the inclusion of a holistic dropout approach can have positive effects on school related dropout predictors of middle school students. Three defined groups of middle school at-risk students represented levels of the independent variable. Subjects in group one (N = 32) were participants in the CAPP holistic dropout treatment at Cradock Middle School. Subjects in group two (N = 24) were members of an intact split grade level class at Hunt-Mapp Middle School who did not receive dropout intervention. This group served as a control group. Subjects in group three (N = 18) were assigned to an intact class at Churchland Middle School who participated in an academic remediation treatment. Post intervention data were collected from school records on grade point averages, Iowa composite scaled test scores, percentage of absences, and percentage of suspensions. One-way analyses of variance were used to analyze the dependent variables. A one-way analysis of variance was also employed to measure an attitude subscale relevant to conflict management. Additionally, postmeasures on five subscales of the School Attitude Measures inventory were collected and analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance. The findings of the analyses revealed that the grade point averages and school attendance percentages for subjects in CAPP were significantly higher than subjects in the two comparison groups. CAPP subjects also scored higher, overall, on the attitude inventory. As a result of this study, information was provided that contributed to the assessment of the Portsmouth Public Middle Schools dropout prevention program

A Brief History: Bank Street College of Education

Documents in brief fashion the Bank Street College of Education from it\u27s earliest days as the Bureau of Educational Experiments to the present.https://educate.bankstreet.edu/books/1001/thumbnail.jp

Building Blocks to Fun in the Sun

Building Blocks to Fun in the Sun is an educational applied research project that was implemented in Ohio. This article shares the process of the research, findings, and results that were implemented. The research could be duplicated in other geographic areas. The findings should enhance the educational endeavors of Extension educators

Building Blocks to Fun in the Sun

Building Blocks to Fun in the Sun is an educational applied research project that was implemented in Ohio. This article shares the process of the research, findings, and results that were implemented. The research could be duplicated in other geographic areas. The findings should enhance the educational endeavors of Extension educators

A Classroom Experiment on Exchange Rate Determination with Purchasing Power Parity

We develop a classroom experiment on exchange rate determination appropriate for undergraduate courses in macroeconomics and international economics. Students represent citizens from different countries and need to obtain currency to purchase goods. By participating in a sealed bid auction to buy currency, students gain a better understanding of currency markets and the determination of exchange rates. The implicit framework for exchange rate determination is one in which prices are perfectly flexible (in the long run) so that purchasing power parity (PPP) prevails. Additional treatments allow students to examine the impact of transport costs, nontradable goods and tariffs on the exchange rate and to explore possible deviations from PPP.

Senior Recital: Danielle Fisher, Horn; Patricia Foltz, Piano; October 18, 2009

Kemp Recital HallOctober 18, 2009Sunday Evening7:30 p.m

Getting on Your Community\u27s Leadership Team

The article focuses on several factors to be considered in getting the director-board team of librarians to be part of the local community\u27s leadership team. It states that economic development is the most important aspect involved in community building that must be taken into account by the librarians. It mentions that partnerships can also serve as a vital factor in positioning a library with decision-makers

Analysis of prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in primary infections in the United Kingdom

Objectives: To identify changes since 1994 in the prevalence of resistance to anti-HIV drugs in primary HIV-1 infections in the United Kingdom. Design: Retrospective and prospective assessment of viruses obtained from people recently infected with HIV. Setting: Multiple centres (patients enrolled in the UK register of seroconverters) and a single large HIV clinic (active case ascertainment). Participants: 69 patients infected with HIV between June 1994 and August 2000. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of key mutations associated with drug resistance in the reverse transcriptase and protease genes of HIV-1, by year of infection. Results: Between June 1994 and August 2000, 10 (14%) of 69 newly infected patients had one or more key HIV-1 mutations associated with drug resistance. The risk of being infected with drug resistant virus increased over time (adjusted relative risk per year 1.74 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 3.27), P=0.06). The estimated prevalence of drug resistance in those infected in 2000 was 27% (12% to 48%). Conclusions: Transmission of drug resistant HIV-1 in the United Kingdom seems to be increasing. New approaches to encourage safer sexual behaviour in all sectors of the population are urgently needed. What is already known on this topic: The emergence of HIV drug resistance in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy is common. Transmission of virus variants resistant to anti-HIV drugs has been documented. What this paper adds: The prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in the United Kingdom is increasing, exceeding 20% in 2000. New approaches to encourage safer sexual behaviour are urgently needed